The Old Testament clearly reveals that Jehovah (= lord) is the Great Atoner. And Jehovah, of course, is none other than Jesus Christ. Over and over again, Jehovah commanded His prophets or priests to make an atonement for the people. Furthermore, the scriptures collocate the word atonement (or its cognate forms) with the words Lord, God, blood, forgiveness, clean, and sin(s) and with other words of theological import (see, for example, the passages in the chart). Psalm 79:9 summarizes, “Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of thy name: and deliver us, and purge away [Hebrew = atone] our sins, for thy name’s sake.”

The English words atonement, atone, atoned, atoneth, or atoning are found in the Old Testament eighty times—but the Hebrew word kpr underlying the English atonement appears 102 times. Each of these attestations adds to our understanding of the meaning, purpose, or significance of Jesus’s atoning sacrifice.

The word atonement is a Middle English word that consists of three components—the preposition at, the number one, and the suffix

-ment. During the middle ages, one sometimes served as a verb. For example, to one, oned, and oneing were all verbs that meant to unite or to make one. These verbs have fallen out of usage in modern times. The suffix -ment, which means “the state or condition of something,” is still used in today’s English, often added to verbs to make nouns. For example, enjoyment is the state or condition of enjoying, amazement is the state of being amazed, and measurement is the state of measuring (compare also improvement, excitement, treatment, settlement, and many others). Early English Bibles first used the word onement to mean the state of being at one. In Bible usage, onement evolved into at onement and then into atonement, a word that is used prominently today in English Bibles and religious writings regarding Jesus’s divine sacrifice.

The English atonement and related words—atone, atoned, atoneth, atoning—specifically refer to the state or condition of becoming one with God.

In sum, at-one-ment specifically refers to the state or condition of becoming one with God—the ultimate blessing of the Atonement.

Representative Examples of the Usage of Atonement in the Old Testament